US deaths from some of the most common ailments — heart disease, cancer, strokes, kidney disease, and lung disease — have declined over the past 15 years.
Despite this, life expectancy in the US has flatlined since 2000. And in 2015, life expectancy in the US actually declined for the first time since 1993, the peak of the HIV/AIDS crisis, to 79.8 years.
So, what’s going on? New research points to the American opioid crisis.
Public health officials have long pondered how the opioid epidemic might be affecting life expectancy in the US. Now, a new study has quantified just how much drug overdoses are cutting into the US life expectancy.
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Opioid drugs — including prescribed painkillers like oxycodone and illegal ones like heroin — shorten a person’s overall lifespan by 2.5 months, according to a new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
For comparison, that’s roughly equal to the reduction in life expectancy attributed to unintentional injuries, Alzheimer’s disease, suicide, chronic liver disease, and sepsis combined.
One time a leader in life expectancy around the world, the US is now ranked 42nd globally for life expectancy, according to the CIA.
Deaths due to opioid poisoning, also known as opioid overdoses, more than tripled between 2000 and 2015, according to the JAMA study.
The CDC confirmed that opioid overdoses are contributing to the overall decrease in life expectancy, but the specific contributions of drug and alcohol poisonings on declining US life expectancy warrants further study.
#Opioid-involved deaths are contributing to changes in life expectancy. Learn more: https://t.co/J4TFCL1f6Epic.twitter.com/H99jIWH8JX
— CDC Injury Center (@CDCInjury) September 20, 2017
Read More:The Opioid Epidemic Is Killing More Americans Every Year Than Ever Before
Opioid overdoses kill approximately 91 Americans each day, according to the CDC. Experts estimate that 64,000 deaths in 2016 were due to opioid overdoses, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse — more than the number of US troops killed in the Vietnam War.
The STAT, a national publication focused on health and medicine, forecasts half a million people could die from an overdose in the US over the next decade.
The epidemic has not only been costly to the healthcare system, but also to the economy in terms of of lost productivity and a declining full-time workforce. The total cost to the economy continues to climb, and the most recent estimates reach $78.5 billion annually, according to The New Yorker.
While the opioid epidemic affects people of all gender, race, and socioeconomic class, the epidemic has its roots in poverty. The states most affected by the drug crisis — West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and parts of New Hampshire — have all experienced economic decline over the past two decades.
The World Health Organization (WHO) lists low socioeconomic status as a risk factor for prescription opioid overdose.
Read More:This Heartbreaking Photo Series Shows Who Opioid Addicts in West Virginia Really Are
Global Citizen urges world leaders to address health crises affecting people in poverty no matter which country they live in. You can take action for health here.
President Trump said last month that he would declare the opioid crisis a national emergency, which would free up funding for states to use to address the drug epidemic. However, the administration has not filed the paperwork to make it official.